The price maintenance premium (PMP) (新薬創出加算; shinyaku soshutsu kasan ) , which has been in place since its pilot rollout in April 2010, has been hailed by the research-oriented pharmaceutical industry as the centerpiece of Japan’s pro-innovation policy. While it...
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Let’s be real: even with the best intentions, AI systems can reflect our own unconscious biases. As Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky famously demonstrated in their groundbreaking work on Prospect Theory, humans are prone to cognitive biases that influence our…




