Under the current ethical drugs (医療用医薬品) distribution system in Japan, manufacturers transfer their products to wholesalers at invoice prices (仕切り価). Wholesalers then resell the drugs to medical institutions (医療機関) or dispensing pharmacies (調剤薬局), which are reimbursed under the health insurance...
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Let’s be real: even with the best intentions, AI systems can reflect our own unconscious biases. As Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky famously demonstrated in their groundbreaking work on Prospect Theory, humans are prone to cognitive biases that influence our…




